The Game Theory in Quantum Computers: A Review

Game theory has been studied extensively in recent centuries as a set of formal mathematical strategies for optimal decision making. This discipline improved its efficiency with the arrival, in the 20th century, of digital computer science. However, the computational limitations related to exponential time type problems in digital processors, triggered the search for more efficient alternatives. One of these choices is quantum computing. Certainly, quantum processors seem to be able to solve some of these complex problems, at least in theory. For this reason, in recent times, many research works have emerged related to the field of quantum game theory. In this paper we review the main studies about the subject, including operational requirements and implementation details. In addition, we describe various quantum games, their design strategy, and the used supporting tools. We also present the still open debate linked to the interpretation of the transformations of classical algorithms in fundamental game theory to their quantum version, with special attention to the Nash equilibrium

Reliability of IBM’s Public Quantum Computers

One of the challenges of the current ecosystem of quantum computers (QC) is the stabilization of the coherence associated with the entanglement of the states of their inner qubits. In this empirical study, we monitor the reliability of IBM’s public-access QCs network on a daily basis. Each of these state-of-the-art machines has a totally different qubit association, and this entails that for a given (same) input program, they may output a different set of probabilities for the assembly of results (including both the right and the wrong ones). Although we focus on the computing structure provided by the “Big Blue” company, our survey can be easily transferred to other currently available quantum mainframes. In more detail, we probe these quantum processors with an ad hoc designed computationally demanding quaternary search algorithm. As stated, this quantum program is executed every 24 hours (for nearly 100 days) and its goal is to put to the limit the operational capacity of this novel and genuine type of equipment. Next, we perform a comparative analysis of the obtained results according to the singularities of each computer and over the total number of executions. In addition, we subsequently apply (for 50 days) an improvement filtering to perform noise mitigation on the results obtained proposed by IBM. The Yorktown 5-qubit computer reaches noise filtering of up to 33% in one day, that is, a 90% confidence level is reached in the expected results. From our continuous and long-term tests, we derive that room still exists regarding the improvement of quantum calculators in order to guarantee enough confidence in the returned outcomes

Diseño de mezcla de concreto permeable con agregaos del Banco de préstamo Veracruz, cemento portland tipo gu ASTM-C1157 y fibras de polipropileno para pavimentos rígidos

Presenta el diseño de mezcla de concreto permeable para el uso en pavimentos que permitan un buen drenaje, utilizando agregados el Banco de préstamo Veracruz, cemento portland GU ASTM-C1157 y fibra de polipropileno, con resistencia mecánicas de 21 a 25 MP a los 28 días

Cabazitaxel for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: safety data from the Spanish expanded access program

[Abstract] BACKGROUND: Based on the TROPIC study results, cabazitaxel was approved for the management of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) progressing on or after docetaxel. METHODS: This multi-centre program provided early access to cabazitaxel to patients with mCRPC before its commercialization. Safety data from 153 Spanish patients receiving cabazitaxel 25 mg/m(2) i.v. Q3W, plus oral prednisone/prednisolone 10 mg daily, are reported. RESULTS: Median age of patients was 70 years (26.8% ≥ 75 years), 94.1 and 26.8% had bone and visceral metastasis, respectively. Most had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group ≤ 1 (88.9%) and had received a median of 8.0 cycles of last docetaxel treatment. The median of cabazitaxel cycles and cumulative dose were 6.0 (Interquartile range [IQR]: 4.0; 8.0) and 148.9 (IQR: 98.2; 201.4) mg/m(2), respectively. Adverse events (AEs) possibly related to cabazitaxel occurred in 143 (93.5%) patients. The most frequent grade ≥ 3 AEs were neutropenia (n = 25, 16.3%) and asthenia (n = 17, 11.1%). Febrile neutropenia and grade ≥ 3 diarrhea occurred in 5.2% of the patients each. There were five (3.3%) possibly treatment-related deaths, mainly infection-related. G-CSFs were used in 114 (74.5%) patients, generally as prophylaxis (n = 107; 69.9%). Grade ≥ 3 peripheral neuropathy and nail disorders were uncommon. CONCLUSIONS: Cabazitaxel administration, in a real-world setting, is tolerated by Spanish patients with mCRPC, and the AEs are manageable

Comfort in trams

[EN] In the railway sector, one of the key aspects in the design phase of the vehicles is the passenger¿s comfort, for which is important to take into account the passengers¿ opinion. Biomechanics Institute of Valencia (IBV), at the request of Vossloh, has carried out a study to know the main factors that influence the comfort perceived by passengers¿ trams.[ES] En el sector ferroviario, uno de los aspectos clave en la fase de diseño de los vehículos es el confort de los pasajeros, para lo cual resulta clave tener en cuenta su opinión. El Instituto de Biomecánica (IBV), a petición de Vossloh, ha llevado a cabo un estudio cuyo objetivo ha consistido en conocer los principales factores que influyen en el confort de los viajeros del tranvía.Palomares Olivares, N.; Marzo Rosello, R.; Solaz Sanahuja, JS.; Signes Pérez, E.; Pérez Antón, S.; Marsilla Benlloch, M.; Chirivella Moreno, C.... (2013). Confort en el tranvía. Revista de biomecánica. 59:13-14. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/38775S13145

Jaciments, ritmes i dinàmiques d'implantació i explotació del territori al neolític antic (5.500-4.500 cal BC) : el Pirineu i les serralades prepirinenques

La recerca sobre el neolític ha considerat fins fa relativament poc els Pirineus com un actor secundari en el procés d'introducció de les formes de vida agrícoles i ramaderes en contraposició a les serralades pre i litorals i de la depressió central. Els treballs realitzats en els darrers anys en aquests territoris, amb revisió de col·leccions antigues, excavacions preventives i nous projectes de recerca condueixen a obtenir una imatge molt més detallada i complexa del procés de neolitització de la preconcebuda. En aquest sentit els treballs duts a terme a l'alt Pirineu aporten dades d'un neolític incipient des del segon terç del vi mil·lenni cal BC en alçades properes als 2.000 metres, fet que obre una perspectiva de gran interès inèdita fa pocs anys. D'altra banda, projectes consolidats com el desenvolupat al jaciment de la Draga permeten proposar seqüenciacions regionals pel Prepirineu oriental per la introducció del neolític.Research on the Neolithic has until recently considered the Pyrenees as a secondary player in the process of introducing agricultural and livestock life forms as opposed to the pre- and coastal mountain ranges and the central depression. The work carried out in recent years in these territories, with a review of old collections, preventive excavations and new research projects, leads to a much more detailed and complex picture of the neolithic process of preconceived. In this sense, the work carried out in the high Pyrenees provides data from an incipient Neolithic since the second third of the sixth millennium cal BC at altitudes close to 2,000 meters, which opens a perspective of great interest unheard of a few years ago. On the other hand, consolidated projects such as the one developed at the Draga site make it possible to propose regional sequences for the eastern Pre-Pyrenees due to the introduction of the Neolithic

The Occurrence or Fibrillary Glomerulonephritis in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus May Not Be Coincidental: A Report of Four Cases

Although clinical presentation of fibrillary glomerulonephritis is similar to most forms of glomerulonephritis, it is usually difficult to make the diagnosis. Clinical manifestations include proteinuria, microscopic haematuria, nephrotic syndrome, and impairment of renal function. A diagnosis of fibrillary glomerulonephritis is only confirmed by renal biopsy and it must comprise electronmicroscopy-verified ultrastructural findings. We report four cases between 45–50 years old with documented type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and arterial hypertension. All patients were found to have fibrils on kidney biopsy. The differential diagnosis of fibrils in the setting of diabetes mellitus is also discussed

Serum Phospholipids Fatty Acids and Breast Cancer Risk by Pathological Subtype

This study evaluates whether serum phospholipids fatty acids (PL-FAs) and markers of their endogenous metabolism are associated with breast cancer (BC) subtypes. EpiGEICAM is a Spanish multicenter matched case-control study. A lifestyle and food frequency questionnaire was completed by 1017 BC cases and healthy women pairs. Serum PL-FA percentages were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Conditional and multinomial logistic regression models were used to quantify the association of PL-FA tertiles with BC risk, overall and by pathological subtype (luminal, HER2+ and triple negative). Stratified analyses by body mass index and menopausal status were also performed. Serum PL-FAs were measured in 795 (78%) pairs. Women with high serum levels of stearic acid (odds ratio (OR)T3vsT1 = 0.44; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.30-0.66), linoleic acid (ORT3vsT1 = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.49-0.90) and arachidonic to dihomo-γ-linolenic acid ratio (OR T3vsT1 = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.48-0.84) presented lower BC risk. Participants with high concentrations of palmitoleic acid (ORT3vsT1 = 1.65; 95% CI = 1.20-2.26), trans-ruminant palmitelaidic acid (ORT3vsT1 = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.12-2.02), trans-industrial elaidic acid (ORT3vsT1 = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.14-2.03), and high oleic to stearic acid ratio (ORT3vsT1 = 2.04; 95% CI = 1.45-2.87) showed higher risk. These associations were similar in all BC pathological subtypes. Our results emphasize the importance of analyzing fatty acids individually, as well as the desaturase activity indices

Post-mortem findings in Spanish patients with COVID-19; a special focus on superinfections

IntroductionWhole-body autopsies may be crucial to understand coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathophysiology. We aimed to analyze pathological findings in a large series of full-body autopsies, with a special focus on superinfections. MethodsThis was a prospective multicenter study that included 70 COVID-19 autopsies performed between April 2020 and February 2021. Epidemiological, clinical and pathological information was collected using a standardized case report form. ResultsMedian (IQR) age was 70 (range 63.75-74.25) years and 76% of cases were males. Most patients (90%,) had at least one comorbidity prior to COVID-19 diagnosis, with vascular risk factors being the most frequent. Infectious complications were developed by 65.71% of the patients during their follow-up. Mechanical ventilation was required in most patients (75.71%) and was mainly invasive. In multivariate analyses, length of hospital stay and invasive mechanical ventilation were significantly associated with infections (p = 0.036 and p = 0.013, respectively). Necropsy findings revealed diffuse alveolar damage in the lungs, left ventricular hypertrophy in the heart, liver steatosis and pre-infection arteriosclerosis in the heart and kidneys. ConclusionOur study confirms the main necropsy histopathological findings attributed to COVID-19 in a large patient series, while underlining the importance of both comorbid conditions and superinfections in the pathology

Capacitación a los alumnos de la Universidad de Salamanca en los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible (Agenda 2030) desde la perspectiva de los Derechos Humanos

Memoria ID-046 Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2020-2021